/***************************************************************************

The following Namco custom chips are all instances of the same 4-bit MCU,
the Fujitsu MB8843 (42-pin DIP package) and MB8842/MB8844 (28-pin DIP),
differently programmed.

chip  MCU   pins function
---- ------ ---- --------
56XX         42  I/O (coin management built-in)
58XX         42  I/O (coin management built-in)
62XX         28  I/O and explosion (noise) generator

16XX interface:
---------------
Super Pac Man           56XX  56XX  ----  ----
Pac & Pal               56XX  59XX  ----  ----
Mappy                   58XX  58XX  ----  ----
Phozon                  58XX  56XX  ----  ----
The Tower of Druaga     58XX  56XX  ----  ----
Grobda                  58XX  56XX  ----  ----
Dig Dug II              58XX  56XX  ----  ----
Motos                   56XX  56XX  ----  ----
Gaplus                  56XX  58XX  62XX  ----
Gaplus (alt.)           58XX  56XX  62XX  ----
Libble Rabble           58XX  56XX  56XX  ----
Toy Pop                 58XX  56XX  56XX  ----


Pinouts:

        MB8843                   MB8842/MB8844
       +------+                    +------+
  EXTAL|1   42|Vcc            EXTAL|1   28|Vcc
   XTAL|2   41|K3              XTAL|2   27|K3
 /RESET|3   40|K2            /RESET|3   26|K2
   /IRQ|4   39|K1                O0|4   25|K1
     SO|5   38|K0                O1|5   24|K0
     SI|6   37|R15               O2|6   23|R10 /IRQ
/SC /TO|7   36|R14               O3|7   22|R9 /TC
    /TC|8   35|R13               O4|8   21|R8
     P0|9   34|R12               O5|9   20|R7
     P1|10  33|R11               O6|10  19|R6
     P2|11  32|R10               O7|11  18|R5
     P3|12  31|R9                R0|12  17|R4
     O0|13  30|R8                R1|13  16|R3
     O1|14  29|R7               GND|14  15|R2
     O2|15  28|R6                  +------+
     O3|16  27|R5
     O4|17  26|R4
     O5|18  25|R3
     O6|19  24|R2
     O7|20  23|R1
    GND|21  22|R0
       +------+


      O  O  R  R  R  K
62XX  O  O  IO O     I

      P  O  O  R  R  R  R  K
56XX  O  O  O  I  I  I  IO I
58XX  O  O  O  I  I  I  IO I
59XX  O  O  O  I  I  I  IO I


Namco custom I/O chips 56XX, 58XX, 59XX

These chips work together with a 16XX, that interfaces them with the buffer
RAM. Each chip uses 16 nibbles of memory; the 16XX supports up to 4 chips,
but most games use only 2.

The 56XX, 58XX and 59XX are pin-to-pin compatible, but not functionally equivalent:
they provide the same functions, but the command codes and memory addresses
are different, so they cannot be exchanged.

The devices have 42 pins. There are 16 input lines and 8 output lines to be
used for I/O.


pin   description
---   -----------
1     clock (Mappy, Super Pac-Man)
2     clock (Gaplus; equivalent to the above?)
3     reset
4     irq
5-6   (to/from 16XX) (this is probably a normal I/O port used to synchronize with the 16XX)
7-8   ?
9-12  address to r/w from RAM; 12 also goes to the 16XX and acts as r/w line, so
      the chip can only read from addresses 0-7 and only write to addresses 8-F
      (this is probably a normal I/O port used for that purpose)
13-16 out port A
17-20 out port B
21    GND
22-25 in port B
26-29 in port C
30-33 in port D
34-37 (to 16XX) probably data to r/w from RAM
      (this is probably a normal I/O port used for that purpose)
38-41 in port A
42    Vcc

TODO:
- It's likely that the 56XX and 58XX chips, when in "coin mode", also internally
  handle outputs for start lamps, coin counters and coin lockout, like the 51XX.
  Such lines are NOT present in the Mappy and Super Pacman schematics, so they
  were probably not used for those games, but they might have been used in
  others (most likely Gaplus).

***************************************************************************/

#include "emu.h"
#include "machine/namcoio.h"


#define VERBOSE 0
#define LOG(x) do { if (VERBOSE) logerror x; } while (0)


typedef struct _namcoio_state namcoio_state;
struct _namcoio_state
{
	UINT8          ram[16];

	devcb_resolved_read8    in[4];
	devcb_resolved_write8   out[2];

	int            reset;
	INT32          lastcoins, lastbuttons;
	INT32          credits;
	INT32          coins[2];
	INT32          coins_per_cred[2];
	INT32          creds_per_coin[2];
	INT32          in_count;

	running_device *device;
};

/*****************************************************************************
    INLINE FUNCTIONS
*****************************************************************************/

INLINE namcoio_state *get_safe_token( running_device *device )
{
	assert(device != NULL);
	assert(device->type() == NAMCO56XX || device->type() == NAMCO58XX || device->type() == NAMCO59XX);

	return (namcoio_state *)downcast<legacy_device_base *>(device)->token();
}

INLINE const namcoio_interface *get_interface( running_device *device )
{
	assert(device != NULL);
	assert(device->type() == NAMCO56XX || device->type() == NAMCO58XX || device->type() == NAMCO59XX);
	return (const namcoio_interface *) device->baseconfig().static_config();
}


/*****************************************************************************
    DEVICE HANDLERS
*****************************************************************************/

#define READ_PORT(n)	(devcb_call_read8(&namcoio->in[n], 0) & 0x0f)
#define WRITE_PORT(n,d)	(devcb_call_write8(&namcoio->out[n], 0, (d) & 0x0f))

#define IORAM_READ(offset) (namcoio->ram[offset] & 0x0f)
#define IORAM_WRITE(offset,data) {namcoio->ram[offset] = (data) & 0x0f;}

static void handle_coins( running_device *device, int swap )
{
	namcoio_state *namcoio = get_safe_token(device);
	int val, toggled;
	int credit_add = 0;
	int credit_sub = 0;
	int button;

//popmessage("%x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x",IORAM_READ(8),IORAM_READ(9),IORAM_READ(10),IORAM_READ(11),IORAM_READ(12),IORAM_READ(13),IORAM_READ(14),IORAM_READ(15));

	val = ~READ_PORT(0);	// pins 38-41
	toggled = val ^ namcoio->lastcoins;
	namcoio->lastcoins = val;

	/* check coin insertion */
	if (val & toggled & 0x01)
	{
		namcoio->coins[0]++;
		if (namcoio->coins[0] >= (namcoio->coins_per_cred[0] & 7))
		{
			credit_add = namcoio->creds_per_coin[0] - (namcoio->coins_per_cred[0] >> 3);
			namcoio->coins[0] -= namcoio->coins_per_cred[0] & 7;
		}
		else if (namcoio->coins_per_cred[0] & 8)
			credit_add = 1;
	}
	if (val & toggled & 0x02)
	{
		namcoio->coins[1]++;
		if (namcoio->coins[1] >= (namcoio->coins_per_cred[1] & 7))
		{
			credit_add = namcoio->creds_per_coin[1] - (namcoio->coins_per_cred[1] >> 3);
			namcoio->coins[1] -= namcoio->coins_per_cred[1] & 7;
		}
		else if (namcoio->coins_per_cred[1] & 8)
			credit_add = 1;
	}
	if (val & toggled & 0x08)
	{
		credit_add = 1;
	}

	val = ~READ_PORT(3);	// pins 30-33
	toggled = val ^ namcoio->lastbuttons;
	namcoio->lastbuttons = val;

	/* check start buttons, only if the game allows */
	if (IORAM_READ(9) == 0)
	// the other argument is IORAM_READ(10) = 1, meaning unknown
	{
		if (val & toggled & 0x04)
		{
			if (namcoio->credits >= 1) credit_sub = 1;
		}
		else if (val & toggled & 0x08)
		{
			if (namcoio->credits >= 2) credit_sub = 2;
		}
	}

	namcoio->credits += credit_add - credit_sub;

	IORAM_WRITE(0 ^ swap, namcoio->credits / 10);	// BCD credits
	IORAM_WRITE(1 ^ swap, namcoio->credits % 10);	// BCD credits
	IORAM_WRITE(2 ^ swap, credit_add);	// credit increment (coin inputs)
	IORAM_WRITE(3 ^ swap, credit_sub);	// credit decrement (start buttons)
	IORAM_WRITE(4, ~READ_PORT(1));	// pins 22-25
	button = ((val & 0x05) << 1) | (val & toggled & 0x05);
	IORAM_WRITE(5, button);	// pins 30 & 32 normal and impulse
	IORAM_WRITE(6, ~READ_PORT(2));	// pins 26-29
	button = (val & 0x0a) | ((val & toggled & 0x0a) >> 1);
	IORAM_WRITE(7, button);	// pins 31 & 33 normal and impulse
}


void namco_customio_56xx_run( running_device *device )
{
	namcoio_state *namcoio = get_safe_token(device);

	LOG(("execute 56XX mode %d\n", IORAM_READ(8)));

	switch (IORAM_READ(8))
	{
		case 0:	// nop?
			break;

		case 1:	// read switch inputs
			IORAM_WRITE(0, ~READ_PORT(0));	// pins 38-41
			IORAM_WRITE(1, ~READ_PORT(1));	// pins 22-25
			IORAM_WRITE(2, ~READ_PORT(2));	// pins 26-29
			IORAM_WRITE(3, ~READ_PORT(3));	// pins 30-33

//popmessage("%x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x",IORAM_READ(8),IORAM_READ(9),IORAM_READ(10),IORAM_READ(11),IORAM_READ(12),IORAM_READ(13),IORAM_READ(14),IORAM_READ(15));

			WRITE_PORT(0, IORAM_READ(9));	// output to pins 13-16 (motos, pacnpal, gaplus)
			WRITE_PORT(1, IORAM_READ(10));	// output to pins 17-20 (gaplus)
			break;

		case 2:	// initialize coinage settings
			namcoio->coins_per_cred[0] = IORAM_READ(9);
			namcoio->creds_per_coin[0] = IORAM_READ(10);
			namcoio->coins_per_cred[1] = IORAM_READ(11);
			namcoio->creds_per_coin[1] = IORAM_READ(12);
			// IORAM_READ(13) = 1; meaning unknown - possibly a 3rd coin input? (there's a IPT_UNUSED bit in port A)
			// IORAM_READ(14) = 1; meaning unknown - possibly a 3rd coin input? (there's a IPT_UNUSED bit in port A)
			// IORAM_READ(15) = 0; meaning unknown
			break;

		case 4:	// druaga, digdug chip #1: read dip switches and inputs
				// superpac chip #0: process coin and start inputs, read switch inputs
			handle_coins(device, 0);
			break;

		case 7:	// bootup check (liblrabl only)
			{
				// liblrabl chip #1: 9-15 = f 1 2 3 4 0 0, expects 2 = e
				// liblrabl chip #2: 9-15 = 0 1 4 5 5 0 0, expects 7 = 6
				IORAM_WRITE(2, 0xe);
				IORAM_WRITE(7, 0x6);
			}
			break;

		case 8:	// bootup check
			{
				int i, sum;

				// superpac: 9-15 = f f f f f f f, expects 0-1 = 6 9. 0x69 = f+f+f+f+f+f+f.
				// motos:    9-15 = f f f f f f f, expects 0-1 = 6 9. 0x69 = f+f+f+f+f+f+f.
				// phozon:   9-15 = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7, expects 0-1 = 1 c. 0x1c = 1+2+3+4+5+6+7
				sum = 0;
				for (i = 9; i < 16; i++)
					sum += IORAM_READ(i);
				IORAM_WRITE(0, sum >> 4);
				IORAM_WRITE(1, sum & 0xf);
			}
			break;

		case 9:	// read dip switches and inputs
			WRITE_PORT(0, 0);	// set pin 13 = 0
			IORAM_WRITE(0, ~READ_PORT(0));	// pins 38-41, pin 13 = 0
			IORAM_WRITE(2, ~READ_PORT(1));	// pins 22-25, pin 13 = 0
			IORAM_WRITE(4, ~READ_PORT(2));	// pins 26-29, pin 13 = 0
			IORAM_WRITE(6, ~READ_PORT(3));	// pins 30-33, pin 13 = 0
			WRITE_PORT(0, 1);	// set pin 13 = 1
			IORAM_WRITE(1, ~READ_PORT(0));	// pins 38-41, pin 13 = 1
			IORAM_WRITE(3, ~READ_PORT(1));	// pins 22-25, pin 13 = 1
			IORAM_WRITE(5, ~READ_PORT(2));	// pins 26-29, pin 13 = 1
			IORAM_WRITE(7, ~READ_PORT(3));	// pins 30-33, pin 13 = 1
			break;

		default:
			logerror("Namco I/O unknown I/O mode %d\n", IORAM_READ(8));
	}
}



void namco_customio_59xx_run( running_device *device )
{
	namcoio_state *namcoio = get_safe_token(device);

	LOG(("execute 59XX mode %d\n", IORAM_READ(8)));

	switch (IORAM_READ(8))
	{
		case 0:	// nop?
			break;

		case 3:	// pacnpal chip #1: read dip switches and inputs
			IORAM_WRITE(4, ~READ_PORT(0));	// pins 38-41, pin 13 = 0 ?
			IORAM_WRITE(5, ~READ_PORT(2));	// pins 26-29 ?
			IORAM_WRITE(6, ~READ_PORT(1));	// pins 22-25 ?
			IORAM_WRITE(7, ~READ_PORT(3));	// pins 30-33
			break;

		default:
			logerror("Namco I/O: unknown I/O mode %d\n", IORAM_READ(8));
	}
}



void namco_customio_58xx_run( running_device *device )
{
	namcoio_state *namcoio = get_safe_token(device);

	LOG(("execute 58XX mode %d\n", IORAM_READ(8)));

	switch (IORAM_READ(8))
	{
		case 0:	// nop?
			break;

		case 1:	// read switch inputs
			IORAM_WRITE(4, ~READ_PORT(0));	// pins 38-41
			IORAM_WRITE(5, ~READ_PORT(1));	// pins 22-25
			IORAM_WRITE(6, ~READ_PORT(2));	// pins 26-29
			IORAM_WRITE(7, ~READ_PORT(3));	// pins 30-33

//popmessage("%x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x",IORAM_READ(8),IORAM_READ(9),IORAM_READ(10),IORAM_READ(11),IORAM_READ(12),IORAM_READ(13),IORAM_READ(14),IORAM_READ(15));

			WRITE_PORT(0, IORAM_READ(9));	// output to pins 13-16 (toypop)
			WRITE_PORT(1, IORAM_READ(10));	// output to pins 17-20 (toypop)
			break;

		case 2:	// initialize coinage settings
			namcoio->coins_per_cred[0] = IORAM_READ(9);
			namcoio->creds_per_coin[0] = IORAM_READ(10);
			namcoio->coins_per_cred[1] = IORAM_READ(11);
			namcoio->creds_per_coin[1] = IORAM_READ(12);
			// IORAM_READ(13) = 1; meaning unknown - possibly a 3rd coin input? (there's a IPT_UNUSED bit in port A)
			// IORAM_READ(14) = 0; meaning unknown - possibly a 3rd coin input? (there's a IPT_UNUSED bit in port A)
			// IORAM_READ(15) = 0; meaning unknown
			break;

		case 3:	// process coin and start inputs, read switch inputs
			handle_coins(device, 2);
			break;

		case 4:	// read dip switches and inputs
			WRITE_PORT(0, 0);	// set pin 13 = 0
			IORAM_WRITE(0, ~READ_PORT(0));	// pins 38-41, pin 13 = 0
			IORAM_WRITE(2, ~READ_PORT(1));	// pins 22-25, pin 13 = 0
			IORAM_WRITE(4, ~READ_PORT(2));	// pins 26-29, pin 13 = 0
			IORAM_WRITE(6, ~READ_PORT(3));	// pins 30-33, pin 13 = 0
			WRITE_PORT(0, 1);	// set pin 13 = 1
			IORAM_WRITE(1, ~READ_PORT(0));	// pins 38-41, pin 13 = 1
			IORAM_WRITE(3, ~READ_PORT(1));	// pins 22-25, pin 13 = 1
			IORAM_WRITE(5, ~READ_PORT(2));	// pins 26-29, pin 13 = 1
			IORAM_WRITE(7, ~READ_PORT(3));	// pins 30-33, pin 13 = 1
			break;

		case 5:	// bootup check
			/* mode 5 values are checked against these numbers during power up
               mappy:  9-15 = 3 6 5 f a c e, expects 1-7 =   8 4 6 e d 9 d
               grobda: 9-15 = 2 3 4 5 6 7 8, expects 2 = f and 6 = c
               phozon: 9-15 = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6, expects 0-7 = 0 2 3 4 5 6 c a
               gaplus: 9-15 = f f f f f f f, expects 0-1 = f f

               This has been determined to be the result of repeated XORs,
               controlled by a 7-bit LFSR. The following algorithm should be
               equivalent to the original one (though probably less efficient).
               The first nibble of the result however is uncertain. It is usually
               0, but in some cases it toggles between 0 and F. We use a kludge
               to give Gaplus the F it expects.
            */
			{
				int i, n, rng, seed;
				#define NEXT(n) ((((n) & 1) ? (n) ^ 0x90 : (n)) >> 1)

				/* initialize the LFSR depending on the first two arguments */
				n = (IORAM_READ(9) * 16 + IORAM_READ(10)) & 0x7f;
				seed = 0x22;
				for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
					seed = NEXT(seed);

				/* calculate the answer */
				for (i = 1; i < 8; i++)
				{
					n = 0;
					rng = seed;
					if (rng & 1) { n ^= ~IORAM_READ(11); }
					rng = NEXT(rng);
					seed = rng;	// save state for next loop
					if (rng & 1) { n ^= ~IORAM_READ(10); }
					rng = NEXT(rng);
					if (rng & 1) { n ^= ~IORAM_READ(9); }
					rng = NEXT(rng);
					if (rng & 1) { n ^= ~IORAM_READ(15); }
					rng = NEXT(rng);
					if (rng & 1) { n ^= ~IORAM_READ(14); }
					rng = NEXT(rng);
					if (rng & 1) { n ^= ~IORAM_READ(13); }
					rng = NEXT(rng);
					if (rng & 1) { n ^= ~IORAM_READ(12); }

					IORAM_WRITE(i, ~n);
				}
				IORAM_WRITE(0, 0x0);
				/* kludge for gaplus */
				if (IORAM_READ(9) == 0xf) IORAM_WRITE(0, 0xf);
			}
			break;

		default:
			logerror("Namco I/O: unknown I/O mode %d\n", IORAM_READ(8));
	}
}



READ8_DEVICE_HANDLER( namcoio_r )
{
	// RAM is 4-bit wide; Pac & Pal requires the | 0xf0 otherwise Easter egg doesn't work
	namcoio_state *namcoio = get_safe_token(device);
	offset &= 0x3f;

//  LOG(("%04x: I/O read: mode %d, offset %d = %02x\n", cpu_get_pc(space->cpu), offset / 16, namcoio_ram[(offset & 0x30) + 8], offset & 0x0f, namcoio_ram[offset]&0x0f));

	return 0xf0 | namcoio->ram[offset];
}

WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( namcoio_w )
{
	namcoio_state *namcoio = get_safe_token(device);
	offset &= 0x3f;
	data &= 0x0f;	// RAM is 4-bit wide

//  LOG(("%04x: I/O write %d: offset %d = %02x\n", cpu_get_pc(space->cpu), offset / 16, offset & 0x0f, data));

	namcoio->ram[offset] = data;
}

WRITE_LINE_DEVICE_HANDLER( namcoio_set_reset_line )
{
	namcoio_state *namcoio = get_safe_token(device);
	namcoio->reset = (state == ASSERT_LINE) ? 1 : 0;
	if (state != CLEAR_LINE)
	{
		/* reset internal registers */
		namcoio->credits = 0;
		namcoio->coins[0] = 0;
		namcoio->coins_per_cred[0] = 1;
		namcoio->creds_per_coin[0] = 1;
		namcoio->coins[1] = 0;
		namcoio->coins_per_cred[1] = 1;
		namcoio->creds_per_coin[1] = 1;
		namcoio->in_count = 0;
	}
}

READ_LINE_DEVICE_HANDLER( namcoio_read_reset_line )
{
	namcoio_state *namcoio = get_safe_token(device);
	return namcoio->reset;
}


/*****************************************************************************
    DEVICE INTERFACE
*****************************************************************************/

static DEVICE_START( namcoio )
{
	namcoio_state *namcoio = get_safe_token(device);
	const namcoio_interface *intf = get_interface(device);

	namcoio->device = intf->device;

	devcb_resolve_read8(&namcoio->in[0], &intf->in[0], device);
	devcb_resolve_read8(&namcoio->in[1], &intf->in[1], device);
	devcb_resolve_read8(&namcoio->in[2], &intf->in[2], device);
	devcb_resolve_read8(&namcoio->in[3], &intf->in[3], device);
	devcb_resolve_write8(&namcoio->out[0], &intf->out[0], device);
	devcb_resolve_write8(&namcoio->out[1], &intf->out[1], device);

	state_save_register_device_item_array(device, 0, namcoio->ram);
	state_save_register_device_item(device, 0, namcoio->reset);
	state_save_register_device_item(device, 0, namcoio->lastcoins);
	state_save_register_device_item(device, 0, namcoio->lastbuttons);
	state_save_register_device_item(device, 0, namcoio->credits);
	state_save_register_device_item_array(device, 0, namcoio->coins);
	state_save_register_device_item_array(device, 0, namcoio->coins_per_cred);
	state_save_register_device_item_array(device, 0, namcoio->creds_per_coin);
	state_save_register_device_item(device, 0, namcoio->in_count);

}

static DEVICE_RESET( namcoio )
{
	namcoio_state *namcoio = get_safe_token(device);
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
		namcoio->ram[i] = 0;

	namcoio_set_reset_line(device, PULSE_LINE);
}

static const char DEVTEMPLATE_SOURCE[] = __FILE__;

#define DEVTEMPLATE_ID(p,s)				p##namcoio##s
#define DEVTEMPLATE_FEATURES			DT_HAS_START | DT_HAS_RESET
#define DEVTEMPLATE_NAME				"Namco 56xx, 58xx & 59xx"
#define DEVTEMPLATE_FAMILY				"Namco I/O"
#include "devtempl.h"


DEFINE_LEGACY_DEVICE(NAMCO56XX, namcoio);
